Mathematical modeling involves setting up equations which describe the current state of a portion of the environment. Then the tools of mathematics can be used to describe how this state will evolve, hopefully predicting how the real world state will evolve as well.   The mathematical tools used  most often are linear algebra (matrices), differential equations (also calculus).

In this course we study evolution models that have a random component, unlike the motion of planets for example which are completely predictable as to where they will go next, we study systems with elements of chance, such as repeatedly flipping a coin.  Even then we can make predictions.  The additional tools we will use are probability and markov chains, (and always, calculus, differential equations and matrices)